Spravato (esketamine nasal spray) and IV ketamine infusions both target treatment-resistant depression through NMDA receptor blockade, but they differ in pharmacology, cost, insurance coverage, and clinical evidence.
Major autohemotherapy exposes drawn blood to medical-grade ozone before reinfusing it. Proposed mechanisms include Nrf2 activation and immune modulation. Here is what the evidence says.
PT-141 (bremelanotide) works through the MC4R pathway in the brain rather than the vascular system, offering an alternative for men who do not respond to PDE5 inhibitors. Here is how it compares.
Estrogen directly influences GABA and serotonin activity in the brain. When levels drop during perimenopause and menopause, anxiety often follows. Here is what drives it and what works.
How long PRP results last by condition: 12-18 months for knees, 6-12 months for hair, 6-9 months for facial rejuvenation, and variable for tendons. Factors affecting duration and when to repeat.
PRP injections for knee pain: clinical evidence for osteoarthritis, meniscus tears, and ligament injuries. Kellgren-Lawrence staging, comparison to cortisone and hyaluronic acid, procedure details, cost, and recovery.
Everything you need to know about stem cell therapy: types of stem cells, conditions treated, what the research shows, costs, risks, and how to find a qualified provider.
A complete guide to ketamine therapy: the science behind it, conditions it treats, IV vs nasal spray vs oral forms, costs, risks, what a session looks like, and how to find a provider.
Everything you need to know about MCAS: symptoms across every body system, diagnostic criteria, testing, medications, supplements, diet, and how MCAS connects to EDS and POTS.
A complete guide to fibromyalgia: what causes it, how it’s diagnosed, FDA-approved and integrative treatments, diet and lifestyle strategies, and how to build a recovery plan.
A complete guide to Lyme disease: symptoms by stage, testing options, antibiotic and integrative treatments, chronic Lyme, co-infections, and recovery strategies.
Next step: Browse the vetted clinic directory when you are ready to compare options. Find vetted clinics What Is Functional Medicine? A Patient’s Guide If you have spent years bouncing between specialists, collecting diagnoses but never feeling truly well, you are not alone. Millions of people with chronic conditions find themselves stuck in a cycle…
